<p>The Van Swearingen-Shepherd House, also known as Bellevue, is a Colonial Revival mansion in Shepherdstown, West Virginia that is home to the descendants of Captain Thomas Shepherd, founder of Shepherdstown. The house, situated on a bluff overlooking the Potomac River, was built in 1773 by Thomas Van Swearingen as a single-story stone house. His son, also named Thomas Van Swearingen, was a US Representative. The Shepherd family acquired the house in 1900, when Henry Shepherd III bought the house as a wedding present for his bride Minnie Reinhart, whose grandfather was Thomas Van Swearingen. That year, the Shepherds gave a dinner party on the lawn for William Jennings Bryan during his second presidential campaign. The house remains in the hands of the Shepherd family.</p><br>
<p>The original stone house has been extensively altered, with brick Victorian-era alterations exchanged for the present Colonial Revival style with a tetrastyle Ionic portico. The second story was added in the late 19th century, and all windows were converted to an arched pattern. In the early 20th century the Ionic portico was added by architect Stuart H. Edmonds.</p><br>
<p>Watts Hospital, located in Durham, North Carolina was the city&#39;s first hospital, operating between 1895 and 1976.</p><br>
<p>The hospital opened in 1895, funded entirely by George W. Watts, as a private, 22-bed, modern hospital dedicated to the care of Durhams white citizens and offered free care to those unable to pay. The hospital became public in 1953 and closed 1976, when Durham County General Hospital opened. The grounds and buildings of the hospitals 1909 campus were converted to become the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, which began classes in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Watts Hospital was established in 1895, on land donated by George Watts, with an endowment of $50,000, provided solely by Watts. The land fronted on West Main Street with Guess Road (later renamed Buchanan Blvd.) to the west and Watts Street to the east. By 1909, the 22-bed hospital was insufficient for the explosive growth of Durham, and new, larger facility was built on 25 acre at the intersection of Club Boulevard and Broad Street, where the hospital remained until it closed in 1976. Watts donated another $500,000 for the new hospital site, designed by Boston architect Bertrand E. Taylor in the Spanish Mission style. The hospital was enlarged in 1926 with the Valinda Beale Watts Pavilion, designed by the local architectural firm of Atwood and Nash.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1960s, Watts had begun admitting black patients on a limited basis, constrained by its limited size. A 1966 referendum to fund a new, larger and integrated Watts Hospital was defeated by Durham voters, opposed by both whites and blacks, who feared that the new hospital would cater to whites, while blacks would be treated in the outmoded 1909 facility.</p><br>
<p>A second referendum, in 1968, which more clearly delineated that Watts and Lincoln hospitals would become extended care facilities when the new Durham County General Hospital opened its doors in 1976. The referendum passed, though Watts was ultimately closed in favor of an enlarged Lincoln Community Health Center.</p><br>
<p>In September 1980, the first class of high school students moved into the deserted Watts Hospital buildings as the campus began a new life as the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM), a boarding school for academically talented students from all over North Carolina. The old Spanish Mission style buildings were restored, while new, architecturally harmonious buildings were added. In one of the Durham&#39;s best examples of adaptive reuse, the old Watts Hospital, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, now thrives as NCSSM and serves to anchor the Watts-Hillandale Historic District which was designated a National Historic Neighborhood District in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<h3>Duke University</h3><br>
<p>By 1922, Watts Hospitals quality of care and its philanthropic mission to provide healthcare to the working poor was so well-regarded that James B. Duke and North Carolina Governor Cameron Morrison proposed the creation of the states first four-year medical college, Duke University, to educate students in conjunction with clinical services provided at Watts Hospital.</p><br>
<h3>Watts School of Nursing</h3><br>
<p>In addition to founding the clinical hospital, George Watts also established the Watts Hospital Training School for Nurses at the hospital, in 1895. The school was renamed the Watts School of Nursing (Watts SON) in 1976. Its first graduate, Ethel Clay, received her nursing degree in 1897.</p><br>
<p>Now part of the Duke University Health System, Watts SON has been housed at Durham Regional Hospital since 1976.</p><br>
<p>Watts School of Nursing is now located on Croasdaile Drive in Durham, NC.</p><br>
<h4>Notable alumnae</h4><br>
<p>Ethel Clay Price (1874-1943), nurse and socialite</p><br>
<p>Alvarado Terrace Historic District is a designated historic district in the Pico-Union district of Los Angeles, California. It is located southwest of Downtown Los Angeles, along Alvarado Terrace between Pico Boulevard and Alvarado Street.</p><br>
<p>Six homes and a church in the district were designated as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in 1971, and the entire district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Alvarado Terrace Historic District is within the original Spanish Pueblo of Los Angeles boundaries established in 1781. During the late 19th century, the land was owned by Doria Deighton Jones, the widow of a wholesale grocer. In 1897, the Los Angeles Golf Club (predecessor of the Los Angeles Country Club) leased the land and built a nine-hole golf course that came to be known as "Windmill Links," due to the use of an old windmill as the clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>Jones subdivided the land into residential lots in 1902. The lots were sold for $10 each, with the caveat that the buyer was required to build a house costing at least $4,000.</p><br>
<h2>Terrace Park and Powers Place</h2><br>
<p>In an effort to enhance the neighborhood, one of its chief promoters (and president of the City Council), Pomeroy Powers, persuaded the city in 1904 to construct a park along Alvarado Terrace. Originally called Summerland Park, the park was soon renamed Terrace Park. The park included a fish pond, rose beds, an underground tool shed, and a full-time gardener. The park was later remodeled with only grass and trees. There is a small strip of brick-paved street at the north end of the park known as "Powers Place" that holds the distinction as the "shortest street in Los Angeles." By 1983, Terrace Park was suffering from neglect and was described as "so bare it&#39;s hardly recognizable as a park."</p><br>
<h2>Six homes designated as Cultural Historic Monuments</h2><br>
<p>Alvarado Terrace has the distinction of having six houses on a single block (all on the north side) designated as Historic-Cultural Monuments by the City of Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission. The six houses were designated as Historic-Cultural Monument nos. 83-88 in July 1971. The houses were built on a raised terrace overlooking Terrace Park. The designated homes were built between 1902 and 1905 and reflect a rich eclecticism in their architectural style. They include Craftsman, Victorian, Mission, Tudor, and Shingle style architecture. A real estate brochure from 1903 described the neighborhood this way: "The only exclusive Residential Tract in the city. Beautiful Parks. Shade Trees Planted. High Class building restrictions. No flats, cottages or stores. Wide streets conforming to the contour of the land with cement sidewalks, curbs and gutters. Perfect sewer system, water, gas, electric lights..." With the park and well-preserved homes, the district provides a complete historic neighborhood that has been featured in motion picture and television productions. While the surrounding area has been described as "low-income and multicultural," the Los Angeles Times in 1991 described Alvarado Terrace as "a slice of L.A.&#39;s genteel and moneyed past preserved."</p><br>
<h3>Boyle-Barmore House</h3><br>
<p>As one enters Alvarado Terrace from the north, the first of the designated homes is Boyle-Barmore House, located at 1317 Alvarado Terrace (pictured, above left). Built in 1905, the house was designed by architect Charles E. Shattuck in a Craftsman style with Tudor influences, including a three-gabled dormer. The house was built for Calvin A. Boyle, one of the founders of the Hollywood Board of Trade. The house was acquired in 1908 by Edmund H. Barmore, president of the Los Angeles Transfer Company. The house was used in the 1980s as a women&#39;s shelter by the Union Rescue Mission.</p><br>
<h3>Cohn House</h3><br>
<p>The second of the designated homes on the north side of the street is the Cohn House at 1325 Alvarado Terrace. Built in 1902, the house was designed by Frank D. Hudson and William Munsell. Hudson and Munsell also designed the Museum of Science and Industry, the first museum built in the citys Exposition Park. Cohn House combines Craftsman style in its first floor of rock-faced sandstone, and a second level reflecting the Shingle style. The house also has three gabled dormers that give the house the look of a Swiss chalet. The house was built for Morris Cohn, a textile manufacturer. Cohn has the distinction of having both his residence and his textile factory designated as Historic-Cultural Monuments (HCM #84 and HCM #110). Cohn House was used in the 1980s as a mens shelter by the Union Rescue Mission.</p><br>
<h3>Gilbert House</h3><br>
<p>Gilbert House, located at 1333 Alvaardo Terrace (pictured above right), was built on speculation in 1903 by Ida and Pomeroy Powers, who also built and lived in the Powers House next door. Gilbert House is one of the most eye-catching homes in the district built with a mix of Victorian, Shingle-Style and Craftsman styles. The house was first purchased and occupied by Wilbur F. Gilbert, a wealthy Texas oil man. Gilbert&#39;s daughter, Carolyn McCulloch (d. December 24, 1992), was still living in the house in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Powers House</h3><br>
<p>Powers House at 1345 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #86) was built in 1903 for Pomeroy Wells Powers and his wife Ida. Designed by Arthur L. Haley, the home is built in the Mission Revival style, and has been described as "exuberant" and the "flashiest on the block" for its fanciful stucco curlicue. The stucco house has an arcaded veranda that supports a second-floor balcony. Rising from the balcony are towers connected by a curved parapet wall. The large corner tower has a loft room accessible only from the home&#39;s exterior.</p><br>
<p>Pomeroy Powers was a lawyer who was one of the original developers of Alvarado Terrace. He was also a member of the City Council and an officer of the Juanity Mining Company and the Short Line Beach Company.</p><br>
<h3>Raphael House</h3><br>
<p>The Tudor-style Raphael House at 1353 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #87), built in 1903, was designed by architects Sumner P. Hunt and Wesley A. Eager. Hunt was also responsible for the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena, the Casa de Rosas in North University Park, the Automobile Club building at Figueroa and West Adams, and Ebell of Los Angeles. Originally owned by Robert H. Raphael, the owner of Raphael Glass Company, the house is noted for its extensive use of both stained and leaded glass. Over the Labor Day weekend in 1995, the owner stripped Raphael House of some of its finer accessories, including stained glass windows, wooden fireplaces, and even the plaques identifying its historical status. The city&#39;s Department of Building and Safety stepped in and ordered the owner to return the fixtures or face fines and possible jail time.</p><br>
<h3>Kinney-Everhardy House</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1902, the Kinney-Everhardy House at 1401 Alvarado Terrace (HCM #88) was built by the same architects (Hunt & Eager) who designed the Raphael House next door. The house has been described as "an eclectic combination of elements from both the Queen Anne and Shingle styles."</p><br>
<h2>First Church of Christ, Scientist and the Peoples Temple</h2><br>
<p>The district also includes the former First Church of Christ, Scientist built in 1912 on an odd-shaped lot at the corner of Alvarado and Hoover streets. The church was designed by architect Elmer Grey, who was also responsible for the Beverly Hills Hotel (1911), the Huntington Gallery and Library (1910), and the Pasadena Playhouse (1924–25). The church has been variously described as Beaux-Arts, Italian and Spanish Romanesque, and Mediterranean. The building&#39;s most notable features include its semi-circular porch with fluted columns, brick tower, rounded arches, and tiled roof.</p><br>
<p>The building has had a colorful history, having housed Jim Jones Peoples Temple from 1970 until their move to Jonestown, Guyana in 1977. In 1975, the Los Angeles Times noted the Peoples Temples move into the old church: "People&#39;s Temple, a Disciples of Christ church, now occupies the old First Church building." After the mass suicide in Jonestown, the Times noted that the Peoples Temple had moved out of the "huge Italian Renaissance-style church" in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The church was designated as Historic-Cultural Monument no. 89 in 1971. In 2008, the church was operated as the "Iglesia Adventista Central," as shown in the adjacent picture. An interesting profile and several photographs of the church can be found on the.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 1983, the Alvarado Terrace area was submitted to the USA Department of the Interior to be considered for designation as the citys third officially recognized historic district. (Wilton Place and Whitley Heights were designated earlier.) To draw attention to the effort, many of the homes were opened to tours. The district obtained the recognition it sought in 1984 with its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Pico Union became the citys 19th Historic Preservation Overlay Zone on August 10, 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Elizabeth Harrower (1918 - 2003), actress, writer</p><br>
<p>Jim Jones, founder and the leader of the Peoples Temple</p><br>
<p>Jacob Kuhrts, 19th Century Los Angeles businessman and politician</p><br>
<p>Pomeroy Wills Powers, president, Los Angeles City Council, 1900–02</p><br>
<p>Susan Seaforth Hayes, actress</p><br>
<p>Old St. Patricks Church, also known as St. Patricks Roman Catholic Church and commonly known as Old St. Pats, is a Roman Catholic parish in Chicago, Illinois. Located at 700 West Adams Street, it has been described as the "cornerstone of Irish culture" in Chicago. The main church building is one of a handful of structures remaining in the city that predate the 1871 Great Chicago Fire, and is the citys oldest standing church building. As well as the 24th oldest building in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Old St. Patrick&#39;s Church was founded on Easter Sunday, April 12, 1846. The parish was originally housed in a wooden building at Randolph Street and Des Plaines Street. In the 1850s, the present church building was constructed of yellow Cream City brick from Milwaukee. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Today, Old St. Pats is known for hosting an annual summer block party, which it describes as the "worlds largest".</p><br>
<p>Fr. Thomas J. Hurley was appointed as the pastor of Old St. Patricks Church in 2007. He served until March 2021. Father Kenneth Simpson was subsequently appointed as parish administrator, and in 2022, Fr. Patrick McGrath was appointed as Hurleys full-time replacement.</p><br>
<p>The Northside Village Historic District encompasses a rural village center on Stafford Road in northern Charlton, Massachusetts. Located at the junction of Stafford Road with Northside and Cemetery Roads is a small cluster of residential buildings, developed beginning in 1735 around a small tanning business, and later as a stagecoach stop. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Charlton was settled in 1735 as part of Oxford, and was separately incorporated in 1775. One of its first settlers was Jonothan Wheelock, whose house built that year still stands near the eastern end of the district. Wheelock established a tannery and distillery on a nearby brook, of which only archaeological remnants survive on their sites. In 1796 his house was purchased by John Haven, who is credited with building a number of the surviving buildings in the village. The Rider Tavern, built in 1797, became a stop on the stagecoach route between Worcester and Hartford, Connecticut, including among its visitors the Marquis de Lafayette. The tavern is now a museum operated by the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the two junctions of Stafford Road, the historic stage route, with Northside Road, extending south to the town center, and Cemetery Road, running north. There are thirteen buildings in the district, most of which were built before 1850. In addition to the Rider Tavern and Wheelock House, notable buildings include the Waters-Morton House, which was home both to a prominent local politician, and was the childhood home of Dr. William T. G. Morton, a dentist who introduced the use of ether as an anesthetic. The only non-residential building in the district is the former 1848 Northside District School.</p><br>
<p>The Rider Tavern  is an historic tavern on Stafford Street in the Northside Village Historic District of Charlton, Massachusetts. The tavern, now a large three story wood-frame building, was built c. 1797, and was for many years an important stop on the stagecoach road. It is owned by the Charlton Historical Society, and open for guided tours in the summer and special events.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and included in the Northside Village Historic District in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The John Spurr House is an historic house on Main Street in Charlton, Massachusetts. The house was built in 1798 and added to the National Historic Register in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Maj. Gen. John Spurr (1759–1816) served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. He participated in both the Boston Tea Party and the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was commissioned a captain in Col. Thomas Nixon&#39;s Regiment in 1777. He fought in the second Battle of Saratoga, Sep-Oct 1777, and was present during the surrender of General John Burgoyne. He was promoted to the rank of major in 1780. He eventually held the rank of major general in the Massachusetts State Militia.</p><br>
<p>John Spurr&#39;s granddaughter, Mary Louisa Spurr, was the first wife of Sen. George Frisbie Hoar, and the mother of Congressman Rockwood Hoar.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Company Woolen Mills are a historic mill complex on Main Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The sprawling mill complex was built or expanded by the Bigelow Carpet Company, one of Clinton&#39;s leading business for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It continues to be adaptively reused by smaller businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Company Woolen Mills occupy a large parcel on the west side of Clinton&#39;s downtown, bounded on the north and west by railroad tracks, the south by Pine Street, and the east by Main Street (Massachusetts Route 110). The complex includes eight large connected brick buildings built between 1858 and 1898, one wood-frame building that may date as far back as 1810, and a nondescript concrete-block storage shed built in 1898. The brick buildings are built with Italianate styling typical of 19th-century mills, featuring rows of segmented-arch windows and modest brick corbelling. The main building has an elaborately-decorated five-story tower.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Company was incorporated in 1838 by Erastus and Horatio Bigelow, which began operations in 1837 in the c. 1810 wood-frame building the brothers leased and later purchased. The firm produced fabrics using a variety of materials, establishing successful divisions that produced carpets, wire mesh fabrics, and cotton gingham cloths. Erastus was a technological innovator, producing numerous inventions that improved the efficiency and capability of textile machinery. The company expanded on and operated on these premises until 1929, when a merger with a carpet maker in Amsterdam, New York resulted in the closure of this plant three years later. The facilities have since been adapted for use by other industrial concerns.</p><br>
<p>The Black Tavern is an historic tavern at 138-142 Dudley Center Road in Dudley, Massachusetts. The main block of the tavern was built c. 1803, and is one of the town&#39;s finest examples of Federal period architecture. It originally housed a major stop on the stagecoach route between Boston, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut. It is now maintained by a local preservation organization, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. which the society acquired in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Black Tavern is located in the town center of Dudley, at the northeast corner of Dudley Center and Tanyard Roads, just north of the Nichols College campus. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main block is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by symmetrically placed sash windows. A two-story ell extends to the left side, with a four-bay facade. A single-story porch extends across the full width of both of these sections. The main entrance has a finely detailed Federal period surround, including fluted pilasters and a half-round transom window.</p><br>
<p>Dudley was about halfway between Boston and Hartford, Connecticut, and was a major stopping point on the stagecoach route. The tavern was built about 1803-04 by Hezekiah Healy, and served both the transient stage traveler as well as local residents. The building was given its name after Healy supposedly decided to paint it black, reasoning that that color required less maintenance. The building was extended by an ell to the rear in 1810 and another to the left side in 1835. The porch running across its front that was added c. 1890. In the 20th century the building was used by nearby Nichols College as a dormitory until 1980, after which it was given to the Black Tavern Society, a local nonprofit established to preserve the structure.</p><br>
<p>The Hayward Mill is a historic mill complex at the junction of North and Cook Streets, on the Mumford River in Douglas, Massachusetts. The site, with an industrial history dating to the 18th century, is populated by a series of connected buildings dating to 1880 or later. The mill was the first financial successful textile operation in Douglas, and was operated until the 1960s. The mill complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hayward Mill complex is located on a bend in the Mumford River in East Douglas, bounded on the southeast by North Street. Southwest of the complex the river is dammed, creating a mill pond and water source from which the mill drew power. The mill complex has three buildings, of which two are large multi-section structures. The Mill and Dye House is the principal mill building, with sections three and four stories in height, built out of brick. The oldest portion of this building was built in 1880, after a previous mill on the site burned down. To its east stands the Boiler House, a two-story brick structure with smokestack, built in 1898. South of the main mill and set between the mill pond and North Street is the single-story Office, now converted to a private residence. It is the most architecturally distinguished of the three buildings, exhibiting Italianate styling.</p><br>
<p>The site has a known, if poorly documented, history dating back to the 18th century. A water privilege (right to divert water or dam the river) was granted in 1750, and a grist mill was known to be operating on the site in the late 19th century. A new dam was built on the site in 1795, and the first textile mill was built on the site in 1863. This building burned down in 1880, although parts of its water works were apparently incorporated into the present mill. The Hayward Woolen Company was a partnership between Moses Taft and his son-in-law, William Hayward. At first, in the 1870s, it owned mill properties that were leased to others to operate, the mill on this site among them. When it burned down, they rebuilt in brick, and began manufacturing woolen products. The company remained in operation on this site, under a variety of names but generally under control of the Haywards and their descendants, until 1966. A related company, the Hayward-Schuster Company, continued operations until 1982. After a variety of other lighter manufacturing uses, the property has been rehabilitated and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>Sotterley Plantation is a historic landmark plantation house located at 44300 Sotterley Lane in Hollywood, St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland, USA. It is a long -story, nine-bay frame building, covered with wide, beaded clapboard siding and wood shingle roof, overlooking the Patuxent River. Also on the property are a sawn-log slave quarters of c. 1830, an 18th-century brick warehouse, and an early-19th-century brick meat house. Farm buildings include an early-19th-century corn crib and an array of barns and work buildings from the early 20th century. Opened to the public in 1961, it was once the home of George Plater , the sixth Governor of Maryland, and Herbert L. Satterlee , a New York business lawyer and son-in-law of J.P. Morgan.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Sotterley Plantation</h2><br>
<p>Sotterley Plantation is the only Tidewater plantation in Maryland open to the public that offers visitor activities and educational programs. Visitors can tour the early 18th-century mansion, an original slave cabin, a customs warehouse, smokehouse, necessary and corn crib, as well as a formal Colonial Revival garden. The property comprises 95 acre of rolling fields, gardens, and riverfront.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Julius Clifton Callis was the dockmaster for Sotterly Wharf. He was born in 1882. Several of his brothers occasionally worked at the wharf and his brother Noah moved into the wharf house as caretaker after Julius died in 1938.</p><br>
<p>Laura Virginia Callis attended Sotterley School. This class picture was taken there about 1918. Laura Virginia Callis stands second from the left in the second row. She was the daughter of Julius Clifton Callis and Laura Callis. The school closed by 1922.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Clinton Historic District is a historic district encompassing the main downtown area of Clinton, Massachusetts. It extends along High Street, between Union Street in the south, and Ring and Prospect Streets in the north, and includes several adjacent buildings on Church Street, a major cross street. The area was developed between roughly 1840 and the 1920s, and its architecture is reflective of this period. The oldest buildings are Italianate in style, while those built later are predominantly Colonial Revival in character. The district includes 31 contributing buildings. One of the oldest buildings in the district is the Brimhall Building at 92-116 High Street, which was built in 1857, but received a Colonial Revival facelift in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Mill is an historic textile mill complex at Union and High Streets in Clinton, Massachusetts. Built in 1847 and repeatedly enlarged until 1922, this large mill complex was one of the world&#39;s major early automated manufacturers of Brussels tapestry, established by Horatio and Erastus Bigelow. The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bigelow Carpet Mill complex is located just south of downtown Clinton. Most of the complex is bounded on the north by Union Street, the south by Pleasant Street, and the west by School Street, with one building on the west side of School Street. The complex includes six brick buildings, ranging in height from two to five stories. Two of the buildings exhibit a measure of commercial Italianate styling, with round-arch windows and brick corbelling, and distinctive crenellated and corbelled towers in two locations. The interior framing of the buildings is general large timbers.</p><br>
<p>The mill complex&#39;s history begins in 1847, when Erastus Bigelow received the first of forty patents related to the automated manufacture of carpeting. In 1849, in partnership with his brother Horatio, they began manufacturing Brussels tapestry in an already-existing building on this site. That building no longer stands; the oldest surviving building of the complex was built by the Bigelows in 1855. The Bigelow Carpet Company grew to become a leading manufacturer of carpeting in the late 19th century, its complex here growing to accommodate increased production. In the 1880s its earlier buildings were extensively reworked, giving the complex a distinct late-19th-century appearance. The mill was closed in the 1930s, its components either vacant or used for storage until the 1970s, when they began to see increased industrial use again. The complex is now global headquarters for Nypro, a design, manufacturing and supply chain solutions provider for medical devices, diagnostics and pharmaceutical delivery systems.</p><br>
<p>The Corcoran School is an historic school building at 40 Walnut Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The -story brick Colonial Revival building was built in 1900 to a design by Boston architect Charles J. Bateman. The rectangular building rises above a raised foundation to a truncated hip roof with a variety of gabled dormers and two cupolas. The entry is centered on a seven-bay facade, beneath a slightly projecting pavilion that rises a full three stories. The entry is recessed under a large round arch, above which is a portico supported by Ionic columns. On the second level of the pavilion are three long, narrow, round-arch windows with granite keystones above, and on the third level are two rectangular sash windows topped by blind arches.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the building has a basic cruciform plan, with classrooms at the corners, and central corridors running north–south and east–west. On the second floor the east corridor ends in a small room that initially served as a library, above the main entrance. The stairwells on both floors were flanked by narrow rooms, which were used as wardrobes. The third floor contained a large assembly hall, with a stage on the west end.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in a site that has been used for schools since 1846, the most recent of which, the 1854 high school, was demolished because settling and cracking had rendered it unsafe. The new school had eight classrooms, and was the largest of Clinton&#39;s primary schools. The school was dedicated in honor of John Corcoran (1853-1904), a school committee chairman, in 1918. The town used the building as an elementary school until 1980. It has since been sold and converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Bowers School is an historic school building on 411 Water Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. The two story brick schoolhouse was built in 1892 to a design by Joshua Thissell. The building was dedicated in honor of Rev. Charles Manning Bowers, a longtime member of the Clinton School Committee. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building now houses residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Bowers School stands in a residential area on Clinton&#39;s east side, on the south side of Water Street (a major east-west road), between Schley and Branch Streets. It is a two-story brick structure, with a granite foundation and a roof with a combination of gables and hips. It is basically rectangular, with a projecting hip-roofed entry pavilion on its north (street-facing) facade. The entrance is recessed in a rectangular opening, with round-arch windows on either side of the recess, and two pairs of sash windows above. A small triangular dormer projects from the hip roof. The interior was originally divided into two classrooms on each floor, with stairs in the projecting pavilion and maintenance facilities in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The first school, a small wood-frame structure, was built on this site in 1847, when the area was still part of Lancaster. Clinton&#39;s rapid growth led to its incorporation in 1850, and also its need for enlarged schools. This building was designed by a Joshua Thissell, a local architect and civil engineer, and became a model used by the town in the construction of other schools. Vacant at the time of its National Register listing in 1983, it now houses residences.</p><br>
<p>The Old Lock Pump House on the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal was one of the first National Historic Landmarks to recognize an engineering achievement rather than an important building or a place associated with an historic event. The pump house, whose first element was built in 1837, preserves a feature of the old canal, which relied on locks and pumps to move vessels over the low divide of the Delmarva Peninsula between Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay. Because there are no large rivers on the peninsula, water had to be pumped uphill to fill the upper canal and locks. When the canal was cut deeper in the twentieth century, such measures were no longer required, and the pump house is one of the last relics of the old canal.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The landmark district is part of a row of buildings at the Back Creek Mooring Basin on the south side of the basin in Chesapeake City, Maryland. The buildings were built between 1837 and 1854 of fieldstone, brick and clapboard.</p><br>
<p>The oldest and easternmost building is the Old Steam House (1837), which housed the original boiler and steam engine. The one-story fieldstone building has an asphalt shingle roof and is used for storage. The next oldest building, the westernmost, was built circa 1851 as the boiler house for the rest of the complex. Immediately to the east is the West Engine Building, also from 1851. The engine house contains one of the two Merrick single-cylinder steam engines. The interior of the structure is supported by cast iron columns. From the outside this appears to be a two-story structure, but is a single space inside. The East Engine Building, opposite the Wheel House, is similar in nature, but was built in 1853 or 1854. In the center, the Wheel House (1851) contains a 39 ft lift wheel, 10 ft wide, made of cypress, white oak and iron. The wheel could move 20,000 USgal per minute at 1.5 rpm.</p><br>
<p>The building is now operated as the C&D Canal Museum, also known as the Chesapeake & Delaware Lock Canal Museum, by the USA Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The Greenbelt Historic District is a national historic district located in Greenbelt, Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. The district preserves the center of one of the few examples of the Garden city movement in the United States. With its sister cities of Greenhills, Ohio and Greendale, Wisconsin, Greenbelt was intended to be a "new town" that would start with a clean slate to do away with problems of urbanism in favor of a suburban ideal. Along with the never-commenced town of Greenbrook, New Jersey, the new towns were part of the New Deal public works programs.</p><br>
<p>Greenbelt&#39;s center has survived with few alterations compared with its sister towns. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In April 1935 Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, intended to counter the effects of the Great Depression through the appropriation of $5 billion for jobs programs. As a result, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the Resettlement Administration (RA) to coordinate federal efforts concerning housing and land, placing particular emphasis on rural poverty. While the focus of the RA remained primarily rural, it was also charged with resettling farm workers who were leaving agriculture in search of industrial work. New towns were seen as a solution to this problem, to be built outside urban areas and surrounded by healthful green belts of preserved land. As many as 3000 of these towns were initially envisioned. 100 cities were studied for new towns, eventually narrowing to 25. Four sites were picked for the first trials: Washington, D.C., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Cincinnati, Ohio and New Brunswick, New Jersey. The Washington site was to be near Berwyn, Maryland, on land depleted by tobacco farming. 12,000 acre were purchased, and work began in late 1935, using 1000 laborers.</p><br>
<p>Architects and planners were hired in June 1935, site construction began in December 1935, and Roosevelt was briefed on the plans in April 1936. Wallace Richards was the RA regional coordinator, Douglas Ellington was the principal architect, Reginald Wadsworth was associate principal architect, Hale Walker was the town planner, and Harold Bursley was the engineering designer. The design team described areas for group housing, single-family residences, light and heavy industry, businesses, schools and parks. beyond the original town area, planned for 4000 families, two more areas were reserved for 3000 families each, with capacity for 50% growth. Much of the land south of Greenbelt Road that was designated for town expansion has since been transferred to the National Park Service and is now Greenbelt Park, while other areas became the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.</p><br>
<p>Within the planned suburban development, 1000 units were designated for white residents, and 250 for African-American residents. A 1,750 acre tract was designated the Rossville Rural Development, and was apparently meant to be an area of 50 farms for African-Americans, based on the old African-American community of Rossville. Both Rossville and the suburban housing for African-Americans were eventually dropped from the plan.</p><br>
<p>Construction involved the transport of as many a 5000 men by rail to the Branchville railroad halt each day. Roosevelt visited on November 13, 1936. However, politics intervened, and amid criticism of the program, the RA was placed under the USA Department of Agriculture. In September 1937 it became the Farm Security Administration. By 1938 the greenbelt town was dissolved. The construction cost for Greenbelt was estimated at $13,394,400.</p><br>
<p>The government began accepting applications for residence in Greenbelt, basing acceptance on income, health, family size, financial reliability, clean living habits and indications of community spirit. Prospective tenants were interviewed at their homes. Wives were not permitted to work, and were expected to stay home and take care of children. The average age of the initial tenants was 29 years. Tenants paid $18–25 per month for an apartment, and $28–41 for a semidetached house.</p><br>
<p>The town was managed as a cooperative, with a citizens committee to run the commercial center. This arrangement was viewed with considerable skepticism, particularly within Congress. Eventually, by the 1950s, several members of Greenbelt&#39;s coops appeared before Congressional subcommittees on charges of communism and monopolistic practices as part of the McCarthy investigations.</p><br>
<p>After several abortive attempts to divest itself of the town, the Federal Government hired Hale Walker, the town&#39;s original planner, along with Harold Heller to develop a master plan for expansion of the town. The new plan envisioned a reduction of agricultural use and an increase in single-family housing. In 1947 the Greenbelt Mutual Home Owners Corporation was formed as a vehicle for the sale of the town. Congressional legislation was passed that allowed the government to sell the greenbelt towns to non-profit groups with at least 50% veteran members. In December 1952 the Greenbelt Veterans Housing Corporation (GVHC) bought 1580 units and 240 acre of developed land for $6,285,450. In 1953 the GVHC bought 709 acre of undeveloped land for $670,219. Other areas were sold to private developers, and in 1956 the GVHC sold the undeveloped land to cover its loan. In 1957 Greenbelt Homes, Inc. was formed from the GVHC to manage the community, and retains title to 1600 units and 280 acre of land. The supermarket remains a co-op.</p><br>
<h3>Highway construction</h3><br>
<p>The community opposed the proposed Baltimore–Washington Parkway, beginning in 1946, but the road was completed in 1954 through part of the greenbelt reservation. In the 1960s the Capital Beltway was built through the middle of the Greenbelt reservation, destroying the "Indian Springs" that had been a recreational feature, as well as an Indian cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Greenbelt is laid out as a crescent of "superblocks" containing two rows of frame or concrete block multi-family dwellings. Houses are linked by footpaths and are grouped around central service courts, with the public sides facing the communal "garden" space. A central town common includes the original commercial district, community center and school, linked to the residential areas by pedestrian underpasses. A recreation area, 27 acre lake, and allotment gardens are located beyond the common. The architecture is modernist in style. The historic district includes more than 400 structures, as well as three pre-existing family cemeteries. The original center of Greenbelt has since been surrounded by newer development, causing it to be compared with a medieval fortress town, a walled center surrounded by contemporary neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>Greenbelt borrowed techniques pioneered seven years previously at Radburn, New Jersey, which turned housing layouts "inside-out" to keep automobiles and service traffic hidden. The architectural design, while modern in tone, borrows details such as pitched slate roofs, plain walls and steel casement windows from the English garden cities at Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. International Style influences are visible in the white walls and flat roofs of the concrete block buildings.</p><br>
<p>Landscaping was integrated into the design, with mature specimen trees saved or transplanted during site development. Each of the group housing units had a plot 30 ft by 90 ft between the house and the parklands, cared for by the tenant. On the service side space was provided for trash storage and clothes drying. Landscaping was used to create privacy, and the finished community was notable for the maturity of the plantings.</p><br>
<h3>Housing</h3><br>
<p>A strategy for group housing was followed, the result of questionnaires distributed to potential inhabitants, as well as considerations of the economy of attached units. Units are typically two stories tall, with one-story units at the ends of rows, initially called "honeymoon units." All units are slab-on-grade, with basements omitted as a result of the high local water table. Central utilities are provided. The concrete block units were built by unskilled labor, with the concrete first floor structure employed as the ceiling finish for the ground floor. Pitched-roof units were built using balloon frame construction.</p><br>
<p>Interiors were highly organized, with few closets and a minimally sized, but well-equipped kitchen. Children&#39;s closets had built-in ladders for access to higher shelving. Furniture was offered based on Scandinavian designs.</p><br>
<p>Twelve multi-family units were built, using three standard floor plans in buildings of 18 to 48 units. These buildings were built with basements, offering storage, laundry and children&#39;s play space. Unlike the group housing areas, the primary facades face the street, and feature extensive areas of glass block. The International Style features prominently, with flat roofs and concrete structure.</p><br>
<h3>Experimental and private development</h3><br>
<p>Five residential units were built on Woodland Way as demonstration projects for economical construction. The one story, two-bedroom units featured the use of plywood as a structural material and as a cladding, using a 40 in module.</p><br>
<p>The only privately constructed houses in Greenbelt are ten units on Forestway Road, known as Parkbelt Homes. The Parkbelt Homes were built by General Houses of Chicago. These were supposed to be followed by another 190 units under a cooperative ownership plan. The houses were designed to be mass-produced using steel frame construction and insulated panels, predating the similar Lustron product by a decade. Lawsuits arising from rental disagreements and issues of maintenance apparently prevented further construction.</p><br>
<p>1000 units were built in 1941–42 as "defense housing" by the Federal Works Agency, following the general principles of earlier housing. However, many features were cut back or compromised for economy.</p><br>
<h3>Communal buildings</h3><br>
<p>The central common area was planned for 1000 families, to be expanded later to 3000. The initial facilities comprised a school/community center, a fire/police station and automobile repair shop, two commercial buildings and a gasoline station. An administration building and a hotel were planned, but remained unbuilt. The school is a noteworthy example of Art Deco design. The commercial buildings use Streamline Moderne motifs, including rounded corners, ribbon windows and flat roofs. The commercial area focuses on the 1938 "Mother and Child" sculpture by Lenore Thomas Straus.</p><br>
<p>The "Rural High School", later Greenbelt Middle School, was built between 1936 and 1945. Like the elementary school, it is a notable Art Deco building, using glass block extensively.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Greenbelt is the best-preserved of the three built greenbelt towns, retaining much of its green space reserve despite the encroachment of development and highway construction. The Greenbelt model provided inspiration to other projects in the United States. Parade Park in Kansas City, Missouri, River Park in southwest Washington, D.C., and Parktown in Cincinnati, Ohio, were built by the Reynolds Aluminum Company Service Corporation as showcases for aluminum construction, and were based on the Greenbelt urban model. The town of Kitimat, British Columbia, was built in 1953 by the Aluminum Company of Canada along similar lines. Both Vallingby in Sweden and Chandigarh in East Punjab, India, were influenced by Greenbelt, as was the British New town Program after 1946. Less influence was felt by the planners of Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia, in the 1960s. Relate to WWII Manhattan Project planned communities with very similar design esthetic and architecture: Los Alamos, NM, Hanford, WA, and Oak Ridge, TN, among others.</p><br>
<p>Seton Hill Historic District is a historic district in Baltimore, Maryland. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It includes St. Mary&#39;s Seminary Chapel, which is a National Historic Landmark. It also includes Mother Seton House, briefly home of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Seton Hill, Baltimores former second French Quarter, is centered on the former St. Marys Seminary and College, which was founded around 1791 by Sulpician priests who fled the French Revolution (1789-1795). Today Saint Mary&#39;s Park occupies the area where the former Seminary and College buildings once stood.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was designated in 1968 as an Historic and Architectural Preservation District of Baltimore City, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Saint Mary&#39;s Park, the heart of Seton Hill, is the largest open green space in downtown Baltimore on its Westside.</p><br>
<p>In 1790, the first Roman Catholic prelate ordained for the new United States, Bishop John Carroll, met with Father Nagot of the Order of St. Sulpice and agreed to a plan to establish the Sulpician Order in Maryland. A year later priests of the order sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. Fathers Nagot, Tessier, Garnier, and Levadoux opened the Sulpician headquarters in the old One Mile Tavern, then located at West Franklin Street and the Hookstown Road (known today as Pennsylvania Avenue).</p><br>
<p>The Sulpicians soon purchased the inn, adapting it as a small seminary. In following years they completed an extensive college and seminary complex along North Paca Street. Some Seminary structures were built by 1806. A second, replacement group of buildings was erected in the 1870s. St. Mary&#39;s became the first Roman Catholic seminary in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In 1966 the seminary celebrated its 175th anniversary at its Paca Street campus, which had primarily Victorian architecture. As needs changed, these buildings were demolished in 1970 to create St. Mary&#39;s Park.</p><br>
<p>The seminary had moved from this enclave in 1929 for its expansive campus developed at Roland Avenue and Northern Parkway in the Roland Park neighborhood of North Baltimore. The buildings there were designed in the Beaux Arts / Classical Revival style. The seminary celebrated its Bicentennial there in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The only original St. Mary&#39;s academic structure remaining at Seton Hill is a particularly significant building, a small red brick chapel, known as the Chapel of Our Lady of the Presentation, which was dedicated in 1808. This structure, designed by J. Maximilen M. Godefroy, a prominent architect of the time and teacher at the secular college attached to the seminary, is one of the oldest remaining example of Gothic Revival architecture in the USA</p><br>
<p>Godefroy, who was born in France, also designed several other structures: these include the city&#39;s War of 1812 memorial to its casualties of the Battle of Baltimore during the British attack in September 1814.</p><br>
<p>The landmark Battle Monument (1815-1822), situated at Courthouse Square on North Calvert Street, between East Fayette and East Lexington streets, commemorates the Battle of North Point in southeast Baltimore County. The Royal Navy bombarded Fort McHenry, which guarded the Baltimore Harbor & Port. Since 1827 the monument has served as a symbol of the city: it appears on the municipal seal, and city flag and logo.</p><br>
<p>Another contributing structure to the historic district is the First Unitarian and Universalist Church at West Franklin & North Charles streets, built in 1817.</p><br>
<p>Mother Seton House.jpgMother Seton House</p><br>
<p>Paca Street facing south.jpgPaca Street</p><br>
<p>Orchard Street Church.jpgOrchard Street Church</p><br>
<p>Druid Hill Ave.jpgDruid Hill Ave</p><br>
<p>Druid Hill Ave 2.jpgDruid Hill Ave home</p><br>
<p>The Business and Government Historic District is a historic district in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The district includes several Registered Historic Places, including Baltimore City Hall and Battle Monument. It is within Baltimore National Heritage Area. Other contributing properties include the B&O Railroad Headquarters Building.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Hall  is the Gettysburg College central administrative building and the college&#39;s oldest building. Designed in 1835 by John Cresson Trautwine, it was built in 1838 as a "temple-style edifice with four columns in the portico".</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, Pennsylvania Hall was used as a hospital for wounded troops of the Union and Confederate Armies. The building is also used for the convocation and commencement traditions of entering and departing the college via building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1832 "Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg" (now Gettysburg College) initially shared the Gettysburg Academy building on High Street with the Gettysburg Theological Seminary. The college purchased 6 acres from Thaddeus Stevens for $528, and a 24 x. The hall was the only academic building until the 1847 Linnæan Hall was dedicated as a museum of Natural History (later becoming the chemistry lab then the 2nd academic gymnasium).</p><br>
<p>In the early years of its existence, Pennsylvania Hall contained the students&#39; living quarters, as well as several offices and recitation rooms. At the time of the battle of Gettysburg, the building was the largest building in town. The interior of the hall was renovated in 1869-70.</p><br>
<h3>Battle of Gettysburg</h3><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Union signal officers used the Old Dorm cupola on June 30, 1863. On July 1, Michael Jacobs, the chemistry and mathematics professor at the college led Union officers to the cupola to observe the battlefield.</p><br>
<p>Battle casualties were treated in Pennsylvania Hall through about July 29 and totaled nearly 700—many of whom died in the building and on surrounding property.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers of both armies were treated in Pennsylvania Hall, as control of the College shifted from Union to Confederate forces on the evening of July 1.</p><br>
<p>Nearby burials of Union soldiers were reinterred in the Gettysburg National Cemetery in the autumn and winter, and Confederate burials were reinterred in the southern cemeteries, primarily in Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia).</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania College resumed classes on September 24, 1863. Bullets, bones, human remains and bloody books were found in and around the building for many years after the end of the battle.</p><br>
<h3>Post-war</h3><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Hall interior was again renovated in 1889 A structural renovation of Pennsylvania Hall began January, 1969, to maintain the stability of the exterior walls, roof, and cupola with steel columns, girders and 5 concrete reinforced slabs (1 for each floor, including the attic). During the renovation, numerous artifacts of historical significance were recovered from behind walls and under floors.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Today, Pennsylvania Hall contains the main administrative offices of Gettysburg College. The offices of the college&#39;s president and provost are located in the building, as well as the human resources and financial services departments.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Glatfelter, Charles H. (1970; 2007).. The full text of this book, originally published in 1970 and republished with a new introduction in 2007, is available online.</p><br>
<p>The Ahearn House and Summer House are a pair of houses at 450 Pamet Point Road in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The smaller "summer house" is an early 19th-century cottage, while the main house is a subsequent construction; both are important examples of period architecture in the community. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ahearn House and Summer House occupy a single parcel of land on the north side of Pamet Point Road, a rural road in Wellfleet&#39;s northwest providing access to the Bound Brook area within Cape Cod National Seashore. The main house is a -story timber-frame cottage, with a gable roof, exterior finished in clapboards (front) and shingles (sides), and brick foundation. It has a four-bay front facade, with the main entrance in the second bay from the left, framed by simple pilasters. The summer house is a single-story timber-frame cottage measuring 13 x, with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. Its front facade has a single sash window and entrance, set in the right half of the facade. A small shed-roof addition extends to one side.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built sometime after 1817, and is known to have been built by 1851, when the property was sold by Daniel Lombard, its probable builder, to Justun Williams. The house remained in the Williams family into the 20th century, when it was owned for many years by Joseph Ahearn. The house has erroneously been associated in a HABS survey with an 18th-century individual, David Curran. The summer house is of clearly older construction, and was probably standing on the property when it was purchased by Williams. It is possible this house was used as toolshed or workshop, as it resembles similar period workshops found elsewhere on Cape Cod.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah A. Ames House is an historic house in Barnstable, Massachusetts. Built in 1887 by a military veteran, it is notable for its association 1902–1922 with the Lincoln House of Boston, a charity providing "fresh air" opportunities to inner city youth. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah A. Ames House stands west of the village of Osterville, on the south side of Bridge Street immediately east of the bridge across the channel between North and West Bays. It is a vernacular Queen Anne Victorian wood-frame house, stories in height, with a shingled exterior. Its basically square plan is relieved by a cross-gabled roof, and the only other decorative note is found in the narrow segmented-arch windows in the gables.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1887 by Josiah Ames, a veteran of the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War, who was also involved in the California Gold Rush. The house was purchased by a niece of his wife in 1897, and the following year she began renting it to the Lincoln Association of Boston. This organization was established to allow inner-city children, mothers, and teachers to have recreational opportunities away from city conditions. The association purchased the house in 1902 and operated on the premises until 1922. The house has been in private residential use since then.</p><br>
<p>The Atwood–Higgins Historic District encompasses a historic property with deep colonial roots in Cape Cod National Seashore. Located on Bound Brook Island on the west side of Wellfleet, Massachusetts, the centerpiece of the district is the Thomas Atwood House, built c. 1730. The property is emblematic of Cape Cod&#39;s colonial origins and its later transformation into a summer resort area. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976; the district was listed in 2010. The property is open for guided tours by the National Park Service on a seasonal basis.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Atwood–Higgins property is located on the east side of Bound Brook Island, which is located in northwestern Wellfleet on the lower portion of Cape Cod. Set on 24 acre are a collection of buildings, most of which were built George Higgins in the 20th century. The centerpiece of the property is a typical -story Cape house, whose oldest portion, a "half house" three bays wide, was built in 1730 by Thomas Higgins, a distant ancestor of George Higgins. This property was owned by Higgins descendants until 1805, when it was purchased by Thomas Atwood, Sr. The last full-time resident of the house was Atwood&#39;s son Thomas, Jr. who died in 1873. After sitting vacant for many years, the house was acquired in 1919 by George Higgins and the house was given a painstaking restoration. Higgins originally claimed the house to date to the 17th century; this is not supported by the architecture or documentary record.</p><br>
<p>George Higgins, in addition to restoring the house, built a variety of outbuildings, giving the property a rustic rural feel. The buildings he built include a barn, wellhouse, guest house, and country store, all essentially in a Colonial Revival interpretation of a colonial Cape Cod farmstead. This job was made easier when the town built an improved Bound Brook Island Road, connecting the island to the mainland. Higgins and his neighbors on the island made an agreement to limit development on the island to historically compatible alterations and improvements. Higgins gave the property to the National Park Service when the Cape Cod National Seashore was created in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 2010, the listing was greatly expanded to include the 20th-century buildings and to recognize the work of George Higgins. The house is seasonally open to tours offered by the Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The Barnstable County Courthouse is an historic courthouse at 3195 Main Street in Barnstable, Massachusetts. The two-story Greek Revival building was built in 1831 to a design by architect Alexander Parris. It is built mostly out of Quincy granite, although its front portico and fluted Doric columns are made of wood fashioned to look like stone. The building has been expanded five times between 1879 and 1971, with each addition made in a style sensitive to its original styling, and its main courtroom features original Federal styling. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and included in the Old King&#39;s Highway Historic District in 1987. The Barnstable Superior Court is located in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is set on the south side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 6A, also known as the Old King&#39;s Highway), at the western edge of a complex housing administrative facilities of Barnstable County. The building consists of a north-facing original rectangular two-story block, behind which a series of symmetrically-arranged wings have been built. The original block, designed by the renowned architect Alexander Parris, measures 65 x, and is fashioned out of large blocks of Quincy granite. It is fronted by a Greek temple front, consisting of a triangular pediment supported by four fluted Doric columns. The temple front, including the columns, is fashioned out of wood finished to give the appearance of stone. The main courtroom has retained most of its original woodwork and trim, including some of its original furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The building has been repeatedly enlarged to meet increased need for facilities. All of these expansions continued the use of Quincy granite, giving the building a unified feel. In 1879 the building was enlarged to the rear, and in 1889 a single-story ell was added extending east from the rear. In 1906 the eastern ell was raised to two stories and a matching two-story ell was added to the west. These ells were extended further to the southwest and southeast with two-story additions in 1925. The building underwent a major rehabilitation in 1971, at which time a small addition was added to south, centered between the last two additions.</p><br>
<p>The Confederate Monument in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky is an 8 ft carved granite figure on a granite pedestal which was built in 1894 by the Kentucky Women&#39;s Monumental Association, a predecessor of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, an organization founded in that year. Its governing body is the government of Lawrenceburg.</p><br>
<p>It shows a Confederate soldier dressed in a winter coat with a rifle held vertically before him. Around the pedestal of the monument may be found the names of the Confederate regiments raised in Anderson County and a list of those men wounded or killed during the war.</p><br>
<p>There were a few Civil War skirmishes at Lawrenceburg, The Battle of Lawrenceburg and the Battle of Dog Walk, just before the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. In particular, the Union Ninth Kentucky Cavalry fought the Confederate cavalry under Colonel Scott on October 6, 1862. Confederate troops that would control Frankfort had marched through the town. In later years, the local area saw guerrilla warfare, which force the creation of a Union Home Guard unit in the town.</p><br>
<p>On July 17, 1997, the Lawrenceburg Confederate Monument was one of sixty different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. It is one of ten monuments of soldiers in the Multiple Property Submission on a courthouse lawn</p><br>
<p>The Kentucky Women&#39;s Monumental Association was a predecessor of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, an organization founded in 1894. The Kentucky association was one of a number formed to honor "the dead of those who fought for the Southern cause", addressing "the specter of death hung over the South."</p><br>
<p>The United Daughters of the Confederacy, a unified association that was a successor, actually was named National Association of the Daughters of the Confederacy from 1894 to 1895. It is directly credited with 15 monuments now listed on the USA National Register.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, the UDC has been in the news for winning a court case with Vanderbilt University over continued use of Confederate Memorial Hall as the name of a building financed by the UDC.</p><br>
<p>The Zero Gravity Research Facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, is a unique facility designed to perform tests in a reduced gravity environment. It has successfully supported research for United States crewed spacecraft programs and numerous uncrewed projects. The facility uses vertical drop tests in a vacuum chamber to investigate the behavior of systems, components, liquids, gases, and combustion in microgravity.</p><br>
<p>The facility consists of a concrete-lined shaft, 28 ft in diameter, that extends 510 ft below ground level. A steel vacuum chamber, 20 ft in diameter and 470 ft high, is contained within the concrete shaft. The pressure in this vacuum chamber is reduced to 13.3 pascals (1.3 atm) before use. Test equipment is typically mounted in a cylindrical container, and has a maximum weight of 2,500 lb. Equipment dropped in the chamber experiences microgravity for about 5.15 seconds before landing in a deceleration cart filled with expanded styrofoam beads; it typically experiences 32g during deceleration, but may range up to 65g.</p><br>
<p>The service building at the top of the shaft contains a shop area, control room, and a clean room. Assembly, servicing, and balancing of the experiment vehicle are accomplished in the shop area. Tests are conducted from the control room, which contains controls for the "pump down" of the vacuum chamber, the experiment vehicle pre-drop checkout, release and the data retrieval system.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Zero Gravity Research Facility was built in 1966 as part of NASA&#39;s Centaur upper-stage rocket development program. In order to ensure proper firing and functioning of upper-stage rockets, NASA needed to understand the behavior of fluids (importantly, the liquid gases fueling the rockets), in the reduced gravity where they would fire. The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985 for its role in the early space program.</p><br>
<p>The William R. Thorsen House, often referred to as the Thorsen House, is a historic residence in Berkeley, California. Built in 1909 for William and Caroline Thorsen, it is one of the last of four standing ultimate bungalows designed by Henry and Charles Greene of the renowned architectural firm Greene & Greene and the only one located in Northern California.</p><br>
<p>Since 1942, it has been home to the of the, the oldest national fraternity in continuos existence. It houses members of Sigma Phi Society, hosts communal dinners, organizes small concerts, and offers tours for other students and members of the public, welcoming thousands of visitors a year.</p><br>
<p>The Thorsen House can be toured throughout the week on an informal basis; one can simply knock on the door to visit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Namesake</h3><br>
<p>The Thorsen House is named after William Randolph Thorsen (1860-1942), a lumber baron from Michigan who retired to and purchased a lot in Berkeley, California. His wife, Caroline Canfield Thorsen (1858-1942), was the younger sister of Nellie Canfield Blacker, owner of the Robert R. Blacker House in Pasadena, California. The couple resided in the house following its construction and until their deaths in 1942.</p><br>
<h3>Design</h3><br>
<p>The house embodies the American Craftsman style of the Arts and Crafts Movement, a style Greene & Greene is known for incorporating in their projects (as is the case with Gamble House and Blacker House, both in Pasadena).</p><br>
<p>The entry hall is panelled in Burmese Teak while the living and dining rooms are panelled in Honduras Mahogany with ebony pegs covering the screws. The fireplace in the living room is encased in mauve tile from the Grueby Faience Company. The front door contains leaded art glass in the pattern of a gnarled grape vine, executed by Emil Lange, who also worked on the Gamble House. The Greenes were originally commissioned to make furniture for the dining room, but were later called back to make additional pieces.</p><br>
<p>Broad Street – Davis Park Historic District is a historic district in the borough of Danielson, in the town of Killingly, Connecticut. The district is mainly residential in character, and includes Davis Park, a 1.9 acre triangular park created in 1890 and bounded by Main, Reynolds, and Broad Streets. The district as a whole is 30 acre in size. It includes examples of Stick/Eastlake, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival architectural styles and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It includes 95 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and four contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>The district is significant for its architecture, which includes many examples of Victorian architecture with rich detailing. The buildings in the district also reflect the institutions and people responsible with the development of Danielson. The towns growth began in 1809, when brothers James and Hezekiah Danielson built a cotton spinning mill. The house of Hezekiah, built about 1825, is the oldest building in the district. The villages growth was further fueled by other textile mills, the completion of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad through town in 1830, the establishment of other businesses, and the expansion of the textile mills from the 1850s onward. The houses in the Broad Street-Davis Park area were built by middle and upper-class residents, who chose the latest architectural styles and built large houses. The area also was above the river terrace, providing fine views and flood protection.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Old Killingly High School building, which is separately listed on the National Register, and two churches: the 1891 Gothic St. Alban&#39;s Church, and the 1960s Baptist Church, the latter of which is not historically significant.</p><br>
<p>The Daniels Village Archeological Site is a historic industrial archaeological site in Killingly, Connecticut. Located in the vicinity of the crossing of Putnam Road and the Five Mile River, the area is the site of one of the earliest textile mills in Connecticut. The mills burned in 1861 and were not rebuilt, ending the villages economic reason to exist. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The entire site was purchased in 2015 by a historic building expert who has put the original parcel back together. It is now private property.</p><br>
<p>The area was settled in the early 18th-century, and has an industrial history dating to the 18th century, when a gristmill known as Talbots Mill was operating at the site. In 1814, local landowners combined with investors from Rhode Island to establish a cotton mill at the site. It was first known as Howes Factory, after its managers, and was acquired by the Daniels family in 1845. By this time, the village had grown to include a store, blacksmith&#39;s shop, at least nine buildings for worker housing, and three separate mill buildings. The mill buildings burned in 1861, and were not rebuilt. The Daniels family sold the property in 1888, and its remnants were reduced to ruins by the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Visible elements of the site include the early 19th century stone dam, and the stone house at the corner of Putnam and Stone Roads. The house was built after the 1814 purchase, and is basically Georgian in style, with a gabled roof and five-bay main facade. Also found at the site are foundational remnants of the mill, including portions of the tailraces of both the grist and cotton mills. Arrayed near the stone house are foundational remains of some of the worker housing.</p><br>
<p>Quinebaug Mill–Quebec Square Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by the Quinebaug River, Quebec Square, and Elm and S. Main Streets in the town of Brooklyn  in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The district encompasses a well-preserved 19th-century mill village. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The district is primarily located within the census-designated place of East Brooklyn and is within the village of Quebec. It consists of the weave shed built by the Quinebaug Mill Company and the surrounding residential area known as Quebec village. The residential portions of the village are characterized by rows of brick mill worker housing, some in long rows of attached housing units, others in smaller combinations housing between two and four units. Stylistically the buildings range from the Greek Revival to the Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>The Quinebaug Mill was built by Amos D. Lockwood starting in 1851 on the Quinebaug River, near the site of an 1820 Tiffany Mill. The Quinebaug Mill became one of the largest and most complete cotton mills in Connecticut by the end of the 19th century. Most of the mill was destroyed by fire, but the weave shed and the houses for workers survived. The housing area, which dates back from 1881, was rebuilt as low-cost housing in 1984 and contains six brick row houses, each containing eight apartments, surrounding a green space.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is considered to be a well-preserved example of a textile mill village, a type of company town that was common in 19th-century eastern Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Danielson Main Street Historic District encompasses the historic late 19th-century commercial business district of the borough of Danielson in the town of Killingly, Connecticut. It extends along Main Street, between the Five Mile River and Spring Street, including a few buildings on adjacent side streets, representing the area&#39;s growth as a commercial and civic center in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The borough of Danielson is located just north of the confluence of the Quinebaug and Five Mile Rivers. Its early 19th-century development took place because of mills located mainly across the Quinebaug in Brooklyn, whose proprietors built worker housing in the Danielson area. The Norwich and Worcester Railroad was routed through that village in the 1830s, and the Danielson Manufacturing Company was established in Danielson at the point above the river confluence. The railroad in particular was important for the development of the central business district, which took place along Main Street both north and south of Railroad Square. There are no longer any railroad-related buildings in that area, which is now dominated by parking lots.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is 20 acre in size, and includes more than 40 buildings. Most are commercial structures, one to three stories in height, and of masonry construction. Most were built between about 1850 and 1920, although some later additions, including the post office, are stylistically compatible examples of Colonial Revival architecture. Non-commercial buildings include the 1901 Classical Revival Bugbee Memorial Library, the 1855 Italianate Westfield Congregational Church, and the 1902 Gothic Revival Danielson Methodist Church. Killingly&#39;s town hall is located in the district, in an 1876 Gothic Revival music hall.</p><br>
<p>Significant properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Cyr Building (1893)</p><br>
<p>Evans Block (1878)</p><br>
<p>Attawaugan Hotel (1856)</p><br>
<p>Diamond Building (1932)</p><br>
<p>Danielson Post Office (1935)</p><br>
<p>Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church (1918)</p><br>
<p>Southern New England Telephone Company Building (1942)</p><br>
<p>Connecticut State Armory (1932)</p><br>
<p>The Dayville Historic District encompasses a collection of mid-19th century architecture in the Dayville village of Killingly, Connecticut. It is clustered around the junction of Main and Pleasant streets, extending along Main to High Street. The area flourished in the mid-19th century, as a consequence of the railroad being routed nearby, serving area textile mills. The district, residential except for a church, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of Dayville was named after Capt. John Day, who owned the water privileges on the Five Mile River. With the opening of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad in 1830, Dayville also became a hub for freight transport for other manufacturing villages along the river. By 1849, the village had grown sufficiently in population to have its own church, the Dayville Congregational Church, a Greek revival building built by Alexander Blanchard. Blanchards own house is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture built about 1845, featuring a temple front. John Days house was also built around that time, and also features a temple front.</p><br>
<p>The district also has fine examples of Italianate and Queen Anne architecture, often built for owners of area mills or other commercial enterprises. The Thomas Sayles House, built in 1866, also includes a period carriage barn. The Henry Hammond House, built about 1888, is a blend of these two styles, with Italianate brackets and turned porch balusters. A late example of the Queen Anne is the William Labelle House, built in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The Elliottville Lower Mill, also known historically as the Peep Toad Mill, is an historic cotton mill in the East Killingly section of Killingly, Connecticut. Built about 1850, it is a well-preserved example of an early wood-frame textile mill. The mill complex, which includes, a dam, pond, head race, and bridge, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elliottville Lower Mill is located in what is now a rural setting of eastern Killingly, on Peep Toad Road where it crosses Whetstone Brook. The mill complex occupies 2.8 acre, and consists of a single building, along with a mill dam, pond, raceway, and a rubble stone-arch bridge which carries Peep Toad Road across the brook. The mill is of modest scale, stories in height with a gable roof, and is built of stone and wood framing. It is set across the road from the mill pond and dam.</p><br>
<p>The mill was built c. 1850 by the Elliotville Manufacturing Company, whose larger main mill was upstream from this complex. It is a rare surviving example of a wood-frame textile mill, many of which were built but few of which survive, due to fires and/or later expansion of the premises. The Elliottville Manufacturing Company was formed in the 1830s by Killingly residents Thomas Pray and Henry Westcott, who built their first ("upper") mill upstream from this one in the 1830s. Some local histories claim that this building is an older structure originally used as a saw and grist mill, but its construction methods are consistent with surviving buildings at the site of the upper mill. In 1844 Pray and Westcott sold their enterprise to Albert Elliott and Nelson Eddy, with Welcome Bartlett joining as a partner later on. This mill, built by that partnership, was used for spinning and preparation of warps used in the upper mill. The company remained in operation through the 1880s. In the 20th century the mill building was adapted for use as a private residence and art studio.</p><br>
<p>The Old Killingly High School is a historic school building on 185 Broad Street in the Danielson section of Killingly, Connecticut. Built in 1908 and enlarged in 1927, it served as the town&#39;s high school until 1965, and then its junior high school until 1990. It is a significant local example of Renaissance and Colonial Revival architecture, designed by Hartwell, Richardson & Driver. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It now houses the Killingly Police Department.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Killingly High School is located in a densely built residential neighborhood east of downtown Danielson, at the northwest corner of Broad and Cottage Streets. It is a two-story brick structure with a hip roof and limestone trim. It consists of a central main block, to which slightly projecting wings have been added. The building corners have patterned brick quoining, a detail repeated in pilasters flanking the two main entrances and articulating the central section bays. The entrances project slightly, and are framed by segmented-arch openings topped by limestone peaked gables.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1908 and enlarged with side wings in 1927. It was considered state of the art for its time, with fireproof construction, wide hallways, and large bands of windows to maximize lighting of the classrooms. It was designed by Hartwell, Richardson & Driver, a leading architectural firm based in Boston, Massachusetts. The building served as the communitys high school until 1965, and as its junior high school 1966–90. Its most recent usage is as the towns police headquarters and community center.</p><br>
<p>The Cady-Copp House is an historic house at 115 Liberty Highway in Putnam, Connecticut. Built about 1745 and little altered since, it is an important regional example of vernacular colonial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cady-Copp House stands in the dispersed village of Putnam Heights, on the east side of Liberty Highway (Connecticut Route 21), roughly midway between Wilson Road and Aspinock Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gambrel roof and a center chimney. It is set in a wooded area back from the highway, and faces south. The interior is virtually unaltered since its c. 1745 construction, lacking any provision of modern amenities such as plumbing and electricity. The front facade is irregular in arrangement, with an entrance on the right side, flanked closely by sash windows. A third sash window is roughly centered in the left half of the front. The left side has a second entrance, set in a gabled vestibule.</p><br>
<p>The Putnam Heights area was settled in 1708. Its first minister was dismissed in 1741, and a second was appointed in 1750. Sometime between these two dates, the Cady-Copp House was built by Joseph Cady for his daughter Damaris, who was marrying the Perley Howe, the second minister. After he died, she remarried the next minister. Damaris&#39;s son Sampson Howe sold the property to David Copp, whose family maintained ownership until the late 19th century. In 1992 it was given to the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The Israel Putnam School is a historic school in Putnam, Connecticut. The school, named in honor of Israel Putnam, is a two-story Classical Revival brick building with limestone trim built in 1902. It was the town&#39;s first modern school building, and the first to include an auditorium. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It has been converted to residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Israel Putnam School is located east of the city&#39;s central business district, at the southwest corner of School and Oak Streets. It has a large central block with smaller flanking wings, and a matching two-story addition extending to the rear, built in 1922. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with limestone keystones and sills. The main entrance is at the center, recessed in an arcade of five arched openings, which extends into the nearly fully exposed basement level.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the construction of this building, the students of Putnams urban core were educated in a two-story wood frame building that had classes divided by grade. The city experienced a surge in growth around 1900, and that school as judged inadequate. This building was designed by John Chandler Fowler and Edward I. Wilson, both of Boston, Massachusetts but not apparently in formal partnership, and was completed in 1902. It was the citys first school building to include an auditorium, and was specifically designed with an imposing architectural facade to convey seriousness of purpose.</p><br>
<p>Putnam Town Hall, formerly Putnam High School, is an historic civic building at 126 Church Street in Putnam, Connecticut. Constructed in 1874, it is one of the oldest surviving high school buildings in the state, and a distinctive local example of Gothic Revival architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Putnam Town Hall is located across the Quinebaug River from downtown Putnam, on the west side of Church Street between Fenner and Ravine Streets. It is a large -story brick structure with a hip roof. The main focal elements of the building are two towers, one being two stories in height at the front left corner, and a three-story tower at the front right, which has an elaborate gabled clock stage (but no clock), above which is a pyramidal roof. Most of the first-floor windows are set in segmented-arch openings, while those on the second floor are mainly rounded. Windows are set in pairs in the towers, and there are horizontal bands of ornamental brickwork, featuring bricks of varying color shades. The interior has undergone significant alterations due to its reuse as municipal offices, but some original trim and decorative features, as well as the basic layout, remain.</p><br>
<p>The town of Putnam voted in 1873 to build a high school. It was completed the following year, and graduated its first class in 1876.</p><br>
<p>The building was used by the town as its high school until 1911, when overcrowding prompted a move to a new facility (now no longer standing). The current high school, located on Woodstock Avenue, was opened in 1955. This building now houses municipal offices, but is one of the oldest surviving high school buildings in the state. It is also a distinctive local example of the Ruskinian Gothic style of architecture.</p><br>
<p>Putnam station is a former train station in Putnam, Connecticut. Built in 1907, it is a reminder of the importance of the railroad in the development of Putnam as a city, and is an architecturally distinctive example of Mediterranean-influenced design. The building, now in other commercial uses, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 as Putnam Railroad Station.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former station is located near the southern end of Putnam&#39;s central business district, between Main Street and South Main Street south of Front Street. It is oriented roughly north-south, with its east facade originally facing the railroad tracks, an area now overlaid by parking for the building. It is a 1-1/2 story brick building with a central gable-roofed section and flanking hip-roof sections at either end. Its terra cotta tile roof and colored brick give it a flavor of Mediterranean architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Putnam was one of the early centers of textile industry in eastern Connecticut, dotted with small mill villages along its waterways. The arrival of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad in 1840 spurred the development of downtown Putnam as an economic center, which was accelerated by the construction of additional rail lines in the following decades. One of its earliest stations to serve all of these lines, operated jointly by the Norwich and Worcester and the New York and New England Railroad, was located nearer Front Street. The present station was sited and designed to solve a number of problems that arose in the use of that station, and was completed in 1907. It was built by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, which had consolidated management of all of the lines passing through the town. The station was used for passenger service until April 30, 1971, when Penn Central dropped the sole round trip from New London to Worcester since it was not included in the initial Amtrak system. Service from Hartford to Boston via Putnam on the former NY&NE ended in 1955 when the Flood of 1955 washed out the bridge just south of downtown. The station has been converted to commercial use.</p><br>
<p>Brayton Grist Mill is an historic grist mill along Mashamoquet Brook, at the entrance to Mashamoquet Brook State Park off United States Route 44 in Pomfret, Connecticut. Built about 1890, it is one of the best-preserved 19th-century rural grist mills in the state. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The mill has been restored, and is maintained by the Pomfret Historical Society as the Marcy Blacksmith Museum; it is open by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brayton Grist Mill is located near the geographic center of Pomfret, on the west side of the entrance road to Mashamoquet Brook State Park, just south of US 44. It is a vernacular post-and-beam frame structure, four stories in height, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Mashamoquet Brook parallels the road, descending in a southerly direction, and passes west of the building. The mill was probably fed by a headrace or underground channel. Its power equipment includes a 19th-century turbine mounted in a wooden frame in the basement, reinforced with cast iron tie rods. The second level of the mill houses equipment for gearing the turbine&#39;s power shaft down to equipment working speed. The third level houses milling equipment patented in 1888 and 1890. It now also houses a collection of blacksmithing tools and equipment.</p><br>
<p>Mashamoquet Brook was the site of a number of early mills, dating at least as far back as 1816. This mill was built by William Brayton c. 1890 from materials salvaged from older mills that were on the site. It is the last surviving mill of several that are known to have lined Mashamoquet Brook in the area. Brayton died in 1928, and the state purchased the property in 1930 as part of an enlargement of the state park.</p><br>
<p>Pomfret Town House is an historic town hall at 17 Town House Road in Pomfret, Connecticut. Built in 1841, it is one of the state&#39;s oldest surviving purpose-built town halls. It served that function for many years, and is now maintained by the local historical society as a museum and society meeting hall. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Pomfret Town House is located in the village of Pomfret Center, on the west side of Town House Road. It is a modest single-story wood frame structure with a gable roof and clapboard siding. Its main facade features two entrances, each with simple molded surrounds, and five windows with plain framing. The interior is a large open space, clad in narrow wood flooring that covers original wide board floors. A small ell extends to one side, and there is a 19th-century privy on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The town of Pomfret was incorporated in 1713. For many years its town meetings were held in local churches and other buildings. In 1831, calls began to be made for a dedicated town hall for such meetings. Disputes within the community about where to locate the building prompted the town to retain a council composed of members from neighboring towns to decide the issue. The three-man council chose this spot, roughly midway between Pomfret Center and Abington, two of the towns larger villages. This building was erected in 1841 and was used for many years as the site of Pomfrets town meetings. It is now owned by the Pomfret Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Israel Putnam Wolf Den is a historic site off Wolf Den Road in Pomfret, Connecticut. At this location in 1742, Israel Putnam shot and killed Connecticut&#39;s last known wolf. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>A version of the legend, documented in a 1788 biography by David Humphreys, holds that Putnam and others tracked a wolf to the cave after it had killed seventy sheep on Putnam&#39;s farm. Putnam entered the cave by torch light, shot the wolf, and was pulled from the cave by a rope tied to his ankles, dragging the wolf behind him. The story has possibly been embellished over the years, but the main themes of the story, the cave and wolf, are believed to be factual by most Putnam biographers. The exploit was part of the early career of Putnam, who went on to become an officer in the French and Indian War, a leading Connecticut figure in the American Revolutionary War and a folk hero for many generations.</p><br>
<h2>Cave</h2><br>
<p>The cave, a natural fissure in an outcropping of grey gneiss ledge, runs for about 20 feet back into the rock. At one time it may have opened into a small chamber, but leaves, debris, and fill have erased any evidence of this. The cave looks much as it did in the late 18th century when the tale of Putnam and the wolf was codified.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Wolf Den is accessible from a hiking trail off of Wolf Den drive in Mashamoquet Brook State Park, a +1,000 acre Connecticut state park, with two campgrounds, hiking, fishing, swimming, and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>The Pomfret Street Historic District is a historic district roughly along Pomfret Street , from Bradley Road to Woodstock Road in Pomfret, Connecticut, United States. The district represents the core of the village of Pomfret Center.</p><br>
<p>The district "is a picturesque and unique exemplar of Connecticut&#39;s resort and country estate period. No other town in the state contains such an impressive and cohesive ensemble of stylish summer houses, the major contributors to a district that is further enhanced by the quality of its well-integrated institutional architecture and the exceptional integrity of its historic setting."</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It includes 160 contributing buildings and two other sites.</p><br>
<p>The district is over 380 acres and has an irregular shape. It is about two miles long.</p><br>
<p>The district contains two private schools. The Rectory School is a junior boarding school founded in 1920. Its main building is a converted house, built in 1792, once belonging to Col. Thomas Grosvenor (1744-1825). It has a large addition and alterations by Thomas Skelton Harrison (1837-1919), designed by Guy King of Philadelphia. The campus includes other houses, including Brittain House c.1800, and Marion Harvey/Harrison Deal House, by Guy King c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School was founded in 1894 on the estate of Charles Grosvenor. It now includes brick Georgian and Colonial Revival buildings built during the first decade of the 20th century, designed by New York architect Ernest Flagg, including the Romanesque 1908 Clark Chapel.</p><br>
<p>Architect Howard Hoppin (1854-1940) designed several buildings in the district, including guest houses for George Lothrop Bradley (1848-1906) on his estate called Rathlin: Hope Cottage, Harry Cottage, Howard Cottage, Lothrop Cottage, and alterations to Stilleben and Darius Cottages. Hoppin also designed the Joseph Washington Clark (1810-1892) house called La Plaisance in 1888, Oberthal (later Southover) for Dr. Frederick Windle Chapin, a house for Joseph Clarks daughter, Mrs. Courtland Hoppin, now Robinson House, the schools admissions office. He also designed Christ Church and its adjacent rectory.</p><br>
<p>The Ben Grosvenor Inn grounds and outbuildings are in the district, but the Inn itself was demolished in 1960. Remaining buildings include Orchard Cottage and Olive Cottage, now used as dormitories by Pomfret School.</p><br>
<p>The Colman estate house dates from 1928.</p><br>
<p>Notable properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Most Holy Trinity Church, 1887, moved to its current location at Pomfret Street and Deerefield Road in 1973</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s Admissions Building, Mrs. Courtland Hoppin, c.1888, moved north from its original site c.1899</p><br>
<p>Pomfret Schools Headmasters House, built by Charles Grosvenor (1839-1922) as Eastover c.1896, as an Inn</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s Clark Chapel, Ernest Flagg 1907/8</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s School House, Ernest Flagg 1906/7</p><br>
<p>Pomfret School&#39;s four brick dormitories, Dunworth, Pontefract, Plant & Bourne, and the campus plan, by Ernest Flagg.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Hubbard House</p><br>
<p>Grosvenor Inn Cottages, 29 and 33 Grosvenor Road</p><br>
<p>Joseph W. Clark Estate House, La Plaisance, c.1888</p><br>
<p>Coleman Estate House, 1928</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Episcopal, 1881, and Rectory, &lt;1886.</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Hope Cottage, c.1882</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Howard Cottage, c.1882</p><br>
<p>Bradley Estate&#39;s Harry Cottage, c. 1882</p><br>
<p>The George Pickering Nichols House is a historic house in Thompson, Connecticut. Built about 1846, it is a well-preserved example of rural Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The George Pickering Nichols House is located in central southern Thompson, on the north side of Thompson Road (Connecticut Route 193) a few hundred feet west of where it passes under Interstate 395. It is a -story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a front gable roof and a single-story hip-roofed front porch extending across the front. A long two-story wing extends to the west (left) of the main block. The corners of the building are pilasters, supporting a frieze and entablature at the cornice. A polygonal bay, added c. 1880, projects from the east side of the main block, and is decorated with brackets. The interior retains a number of original features, including wide pine floors and horsehair plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1846 by George Pickering Nichols, who came from a family of early area settlers. It was occupied by the Nichols family for nearly a century. It was the centerpiece of a 260 acre farm, portions of which were taken for construction of the highway, and other parts were sold off for development. After it was sold out of the family, it was converted into a two-family, but it has since been converted back to single-family use, with significant elements of its 19th-century appearance carefully reproduced.</p><br>
<p>The March Route of Rochambeau&#39;s Army: Scotland Road is a historic road section in Windham, Connecticut. Extending along Scotland Road , from itsintersection with Back Rd. to 80 Scotland Road in, it is an evocative portion of the historic march route of the French Army under the Comte de Rochambeau in 1781 and 1782 during the American Revolutionary War. The troops camped beside the road within this segment in 1782. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Scotland Road is the name given to the main road running east from Windham Center to Scotland. A short distance east of Windham Center, the road descends a slope, lined on both sides with stone walls. There are a few houses on the south side, with fields behind, and much of the north side is an open field. The notable section of the road is about 1,700 ft in length, running roughly from Ballamahack Road in the west to Back Road in the east. The roadway is now paved, but the stone walls and views of countryside are much as it would have been in 1781-82.</p><br>
<p>The road is historically significant, because it formed part of the march route taken by French commander Rochambeau&#39;s French Army troops in 1781, on their way to Yorktown, Virginia, and also on the route of their return journey in 1782. On the return trip, the army established a camp in the field on the north side of this road section.</p><br>
<p>Multiple other properties whose association with Rochambeau&#39;s route is known have also been listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Captain Seth Chandler House is a historic house in the East Woodstock section of Woodstock, Connecticut. With a construction history dating to 1760, it has a number of unusual features and form for a rurally sited house of that period, including unusually fine stonework in the chimney and stencilled plaster. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Captain Seth Chandler House is located in a rural setting of eastern Woodstock, on the east side of Converse Street, a short way north of its junction with Old Turnpike ROad (Connecticut Route 197). It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with an unusual form and floor plan for its c. 1760 construction date. Its large chimney, instead of being centrally located, is set well back from the main roof ridge. The interior layout is consistent with a typical south-facing colonial house of the period, with a narrow winding stair on the south side of the chimney, and public rooms on either side. However, the roof gable (which would normally run east–west in such a configuration) runs north–south, and the main entrance, facing west in a three-bay gable end facade, opens into the southern parlor. A single-story ell is attached to the rear; it was added later in the 18th century, and may have originally been a separate structure. The interior is notable for its period woodwork and stenciled artwork on its walls.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the house stands was purchased in 1760 by Captain Seth Chandler, and the first portion of the house, its west side, was probably built soon afterward. Chandler had just married, and the house was enlarged about 1780, in order to accommodate his large family (they had 11 children). It remained in the Chandler family until 1867, and then in the Converse family until 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Chester Hunt Office is an historic building on Windham Green Road in the village of Windham Center in Windham, Connecticut. Probably built in the early 19th century, it is one of the center&#39;s few surviving examples of commercial Federal period architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Chester Hunt Office building is located on the west side of the Windham Center green, facing the green across Windham Green Road. It is located on the grounds of the Windham Free Library, a short way to its north. It is a small wood frame building with a gambrel roof and a clapboarded exterior. The front facade has the building entrance, flanked by narrow six-over-six sash windows, and topped in the gable by a sash window with a round-arch light above. There is a secondary entrance on the left facade, which appears to be an original board-and-batten door, with a twelve-over-twelve sash to its left.</p><br>
<p>The office was built in the early 19th century; its original purpose is unknown. It retains a great deal of original material, including external clapboard siding fastened with handcut nails, and stencilwork on its interior walls. The building was used by Dr. Hunt in the mid-19th century as an office and medical dispensary, and was located behind his house, at the southwest corner of the Windham Green. It was moved to its present location when it was donated to the library association.</p><br>
<p>Windham Center Historic District is a 205 acre area in the town of Windham, Connecticut, that is designated as a historic district. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At the time, it included 61 contributing buildings out of a total of 78 buildings, and it included 2 other contributing sites.</p><br>
<h2>General description</h2><br>
<p>Windham Center is a village in the New England town of Windham in northeast Connecticut. The District is centered on the village green. During the town&#39;s first 125 years, this district was the most thickly settled part of the surrounding area. The village was selected as the seat of Windham County, when the latter was created in 1726, and prospered from the legal activity around the courthouse that was constructed. In the following three decades Windham Center grew to be a prosperous administrative, commercial and agricultural center.</p><br>
<p>The village green today is bordered by the Congregational Church, the Post Office, a former inn, multiple houses, and the original Greek Revival style Windham Bank (built in 1832), which was converted to the Windham Free Library in 1896. Four streets issue from the green: Scotland Rd (Route 14) to the east, Windham Center Road (Route 203) to the south, Plains Road to the west, and North Road (Routes 14 and 203) to the northwest. The village remains essentially rural.</p><br>
<p>Windham was the home of two of Connecticuts Revolutionary pioneers, Eliphalet Dyer and Jedediah Elderkin; of craftsman J. Alden Weir; and of legal scholar Zephaniah Swift. The first volume of Swifts work, A System of the Laws of the State of Connecticut (1795), was the first legal treatise in America and concerns the constitution of the state and differences between English and American common law.</p><br>
<p>Gwyn Careg is a historic country estate at 68 Wolf Den Road in the Abington section of Pomfret, Connecticut. It is currently operated as a bed and breakfast. The main house on the property is a two-story brick structure built c. 1760, altered in the late 19th century and again in the 1920s, giving it a Colonial Revival appearance. When the property was developed as a country estate in the 1920s by Eleanor Clark Murray , it included significant landscape design by William Jackson, a noted New York City landscape designer. Despite a significant period of neglect in the 20th century, the property has one of the most extensive collections of specimen trees in the state. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Gwyn Careg is located in a rural setting of southern Pomfret, on the west side of Wolf Den Road a short way south of United States Route 44. The surviving 30 acre of a once larger estate include the main house, gatehouse, barn, and the remains of an early 20th-century greenhouse, as well as a designed landscape containing formal and informal elements. The main house is a frame building, built about 1760, which underwent extensive alterations in the 1890s and 1920s. Those alterations included refacing the exterior in brick veneer, which has been painted. This structure has been encrusted with additions, including an east-facing gabled section that is its principal facade to the street. It is set just north of the original main block, whose gable end houses the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>The gardens in which the house stand include a formal terraced area which descends from the house to a man-made lake, and a Spanish style walled garden just south of the house. The latter garden is surrounded by a stuccoed stone wall up to 11 ft in height, and features a variety of perennial plantings. The terraced garden historically was adorned with statuary and urns containing plantings, but these features have been lost, as was the original boathouse on the lake. The property was surveyed in 1991 by the Connecticut Botanical Society, in which 27 specimen trees were identified; this is one of the largest collection of such trees in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Ashford Academy is a historic school building on Fitts Road in Ashford, Connecticut. Built in 1825, it is the oldest public building in the town, serving as a school until 1949. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Ashford Academy building is located in the village center of Ashford, on the north side of Fitts Road, near its junction with Ashford Center Road (United States Route 44). It overlooks the latter road across a triangular portion of the town green. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with clapboard siding, and a gable roof topped by a small square belfry tower. The building corners have wooden panels fashioned in the manner of quoins, rising to a fully pedimented gable. The front facade is three bays wide, with entrances in each of the outside bays. The entrances are flanked by wide paneled pilasters and topped by narrow projecting cornices. The interior consists of a relatively narrow vestibule area, with classroom spaces on both the first and second floors. Original features include the wide floorboards and simple window trim, while the student desks and other furnishings date to the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1825, it is believed to be the town&#39;s oldest public building. Its location was at that time amid other trappings of the town center, including a church and taverns, most of which are no longer standing. The building was used for both public and private classes until 1875, and as an exclusively public district school until 1949. It has unusually fine Federal period detailing for a school of its period, which were generally more utilitarian in appearance.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church is a historic church in Brooklyn, Connecticut. Completed in 1771 and little altered since, it is the oldest Episcopal church in the state. Its congregation now meets mainly in a newer church at 7 Providence Street in Brooklyn Center, but still uses this building for special events. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in October 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Trinity Church is located about 3 mi east of the center of Brooklyn, on the east side of Church Street near its junction with Brown Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with hip roof and clapboarded exterior. The siding is largely original, held in place by hand-cut nails. Ground-floor windows are set in segmented-arch openings, while the second-story windows are taller, and set in round-arch openings. The main facade is three bays wide, with a round-arch opening framed by pilasters and a fully pedimented gable. The interior has its original box pews, whose doors are mounted on wrought iron hinges. It also has the original pulpit and reading desk.</p><br>
<p>Much of the money and effort to build the church came from Anglican churchman Godfrey Malbone, as a response to efforts to build a Congregational meetinghouse. Under Malbone&#39;s supervision, Trinity Church was finished in April 1771, ahead of the Congregational church. It is the oldest surviving Anglican church building in Connecticut.</p><br>
